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树突棘是神经元之间产生直接联系的部位，其形态可塑性是记忆的结构基础。谷氨酸信息传递是中枢神经信息传递的主要方式，能产生突触传递效率的可塑性，由此引起树突棘形态的可塑性变化。本文从谷氨酸受体途径的角度对树突棘形态可塑性的调控机制做一综述。谷氨酸受体主要通过其下游信号分子调节棘内肌动蛋白动力学蛋白，参与树突棘的形态发生和稳定。该作用在局部受到不同的蛋白、信号分子、激素、miRNAs 的调节，从而参与生理及病理过程。最后，提出展望，研究脑区特异的局部微环境变化对记忆相关疾病病因及治疗探讨有参考价值。

英文摘要:

The dendritic spines are the sites of a direct link between neurons, and their morphological plasticity is the structural basis of memory. Glutamate receptor pathway is considered to be the main way of information transmission in central nervous system. It plays an important role in the plasticity of synaptic transmission efficiency, which results in the morphological changes of dendritic spines. In this paper, from the perspective of glutamate receptor, the regulatory mechanism of morphological plasticity of dendritic spines is reviewed. Glutamate receptor could regulate actin dynamic proteins in the spine mainly induced by its downstream signaling molecules, therefore, morphogenesis and stability of dendritic spines occur. This role is regulated by different proteins, signaling molecules, hormones, miRNAs etc in local brain areas, which participate in physiological and pathological process. In the end, the prospective in this field is also discussed. And Studies about the changes of local microenvironment in specific brain region will provide a reference value on investigation of causes and treatments of memory related diseases.

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