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癌症是严重威胁人类生命健康的常见疾病之一。肿瘤细胞中存在一小部分细胞，它们具有自我更新能力，增殖分化潜能，还具有很强的成瘤能力和耐受化疗、放疗的特性，它们被称之为肿瘤干细胞。肿瘤干细胞被认为是肿瘤发生、耐药性和术后复发的根源。因此消灭肿瘤干细胞是治愈肿瘤的关键。针对肿瘤干细胞治疗的纳米药物逐渐引起人们的重视，它们具有可控缓释、靶向、生物相容性高等优点，特别是在纳米药物载体和纳米基因载体方面已经取得了显著的研究成果。然而，这些纳米药物在体内的靶向效率、稳定性、代谢途径和毒性等还需要系统的考察和检验，为其在临床上的应用打下良好的基础。本文主要综述了纳米粒子在肿瘤干细胞治疗方面的应用研究，并对纳米粒子在肿瘤干细胞治疗中存在的问题和未来的研究方向进行了展望。

英文摘要:

Cancer is one of the common diseases that seriously threatens human life and health. The small group of cancer cells have self-renewal capacity, proliferation and differentiation potential, but also have a strong tumorigenic ability, drug resistance and radiotherapy resistance, which are called cancer stem cells. Cancer stem cells are involved in the root causes of tumor-initiating, drug resistance and recurrence. Thus, CSC-focused therapy is destined to form the core of any effictive anticancer strategy. Nanoparticles have great potential in the development of CSC-targeting drugs, which have a controlled drug delivery and release, targeting, and well-biocompatibility. Nanoparticles have made significant development in nano drug delivery and gene carrier area. However, these nanomedicine in vivo targeting efficiency, stability, metabolic pathways and toxicity also need to be extensively studied, which make a good foundation for their further clinical applicationsits. This review mainly presents the recent research progress of nanoparticles for cancer stem cell therapy in the domestic and overseas, along with their potential research direction.

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