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骨骼在平时发挥的是支撑和运动作用，在受到撞击后保护脏器的同时自身也会断裂、受损，这都是骨与力之间相互作用产生的结果。如果可以知道骨的力学属性，并带入有限元模型计算，就可以个体化地预测其生活中的各种动作是否会导致急慢性创伤、协助判断暴力事件（如交通事故、坠落等）对其骨骼造成的破坏、在术前对骨骼质量给予指导性的评估[1]等。但是人类的骨骼看似简单，却千变万化，想要确切了解其各项属性的内在联系很困难。骨骼并不是几种材料的简单堆积，如骨骼整体的强度要大于其所有部位累计的强度[2]就是一个证明。一开始，骨的测试方法遵循普通材料的测试方法，随着研究的深入，对于骨的各个部位、各个类型的属性又有了很多新的探索。寻求最佳的试件保存、制作方法是后期测试获得成功的前提，试件保存的温度、水合状态、取材方向、形状和大小都会引起误差，多因素干扰也使分析结果变得更加困难。也正是因为如此，不同学者测得的数据差异往往比较明显。本研究旨在提炼、归纳一些通用、成熟、合理的方法，为后来的研究者在实验技术方面提供参考，让研究结果更有比较意义。

英文摘要:

Bones play a role of support and movement in the body. When being hit by something,the bones will not only protect the organs, but also fracture and damage easily, which is caused by the interaction between bones and the force. If the mechanical properties of bones were understood brought into the finite element model calculation, whether various movements in daily life will lead to acute and chronic trauma would be forecast individually, would help to judge the degree of bones destruction induced by violences (such as traffic accidents, falling etc.), and would provide the guide for evaluating the preoperative bone quality. Human bones appears to be simple, but the structure of the bones is rather complex.Bones are not a simple accumulation of several materials, for example,the overall strength of a bone is greater than all its parts accumulated strength. From the beginning, the bone test method follows the ordinary material testing method. There are more and more new explorations on the each part and type of the bones alone with the deeper study. To seek the best preservation and preparation method of trabecular bone specimens is the premise for the success of following-up test. The preservation temperature, hydration status, direction,shape and size of specimens will impact the test and lead to error, and the influence of multiple factors also makes the results more difficult. So the data differences measured by different scholars are very obvious. This study aims at refining and summarizing some general, mature and rational methods to provide a reference for the later researchers in test technology, and to make the research results be more comparative and significant.

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