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神经生长因子是神经营养因子家族成员之一，对不同时期神经元的存活、分化、生长及损伤后的修复和再生都有着十分重要的作用。不仅在神经系统中，随着人类的其他正常和肿瘤组织中同样也检测得到了NGF，神经生长因子在各方面的应用也得到了重视并均已得到了证实。NGF功能的发挥离不开与其受体的结合，根据NGF表面糖蛋白与凝集素结合能力的不同，其受体可被分为高亲和力受体酪氨酸激酶A 和低亲和力受体p75。TrkA 与NGF 结合后所介导的信号通路主要有：①MAPK 通路；② PLC-r通路；③PI3K/PKB通路。而p75 与NGF结合介导的信号传导通路主要包括：①NF-kB 通路；②JNK-p53-Bax 凋亡通路；③ 神经酰胺通路。TrkA一般介导的是正性信号，如促进神经细胞生长、维持神经细胞的存活等；而p75 既可促进神经细胞存活，也可诱导神经细胞凋亡，但以后者为主。当TrkA 与p75 同时表达时，TrkA 可抑制p75 诱导细胞凋亡，使受损神经细胞大量增殖，所以其生物学总效应是促进神经细胞的生长和存活。

英文摘要:

Nerve growth factor (NGF) is one of the members of the neurotrophin family, it plays an important role in survival, differentiation, growth as well as repair and regeneration after injury of neuron in different periods. NGF has been detected in nervous system as well as in other normal or tumor tissues of human. The applications of NGF were already confirmed and paid more attention. The function of NGF cannot be performed without combining with its receptors. NGF receptors can be divided into two structurally different types according to the binding ability of NGF surface glycoprotein to lectin: high affinity receptor tyrosine kinaseA (TrkA) and low affinity receptor p75, which belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily. The signaling pathways mediated by combination with TrkA mainly include:(1) MAPK pathway;(2) PLC-rpathway;(3) PI3K/PKB pathways. While signaling pathways mediated by combination of NGF with p75 mainly include: (1) NF-kB pathway; (2) JNK-p53-Bax apoptosis pathway; (3) ceramide pathways. Usually TrkA mediate positive signal, such as regulating neuronal survival, proliferation, differentiation of the nerve cells. p75 can promote the survival of nerve cells and also can induce the apoptosis, but the latter is the main. When TrkA and p75 co-express simultaneously, TrkA may inhibit apoptosis induced by p75, and open pathways that promote proliferation of nerve cells. Thus, the overall biological effect of NGF is to promote the growth and survival of nerve cells.

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