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目的：探讨早期游泳运动对慢性温和应激（chronic mild stress，CMS）大鼠学习和记忆能力的影响。方法：50 只SD 大鼠随机分成5 组：对照组、模型组、低强度运动组、中等强度运动组、高强度运动组。运动组大鼠按照游泳运动方案运动4 w，糖水消耗实验和强迫游泳实验评价大鼠抑郁程度；Morris水迷宫实验评价大鼠学习记忆能力。结果：模型组大鼠糖水消耗量和游泳不动时间较对照组明显降低(P<0.01)，低强度运动组和中等强度运动组大鼠较模型组糖水消耗量和游泳不动时间明显增加(P<0.05 或P<0. 01)；模型组大鼠较对照组逃避潜伏期明显延长，目标象限搜索时间占总游泳时间的百分比和目标象限穿过次数减少，体质量、双侧海马质量和海马相对质量下降（P<0.05 或P<0.01)；低强度运动组和中等强度运动组大鼠较模型组比较，潜伏期缩短明显，目标象限搜索时间占总游泳时间的百分比和目标象限穿过次数增加，体质量、双侧海马质量和海马相对质量增加（P<0.05 或P<0.01)。结论：早期游泳运动能减轻慢性温和应激抑郁大鼠的学习记忆的损害，其中低强度和中等强度运动训练作用效果最佳。

英文摘要:

Objective:To examine the effects of various early swimming exercise on recovery of cognitive deficits from chronic mild stress in rats.Methods:50 male Sprague-Dawley rats randomly were assigned to five groups: control, model (CMS), mild exercise, moderate exercise and severe exercise. Then, the rats was trained by swimming movement scheme for four weeks. Sucrose consumption test and forced swimming test were adopted to estimate the anhedonia. Morris water maze was used to measure learning-memory.Results:Sucrose consumption and immobility time of the model group was statistically changed compared with the control group(P<0.01), but mild exercise and moderate exercise group was better than the model group(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with the control group, the escaping latency in model group was obviously prolonged, and the percentage of the time spent in target quadrant and times through target quadrant reduced, and the body weight, the weight and relative weight of bilateral hippocampus was decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01); however, in the mild and moderate exercise group, all indicators of Morris water maze test and body weight, the weight and relative weight of bilateral hippocampus on both sides was increased compared with the model group(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion:This study demonstrates that mild to moderate exercise may have an important role in the learning and memory in chronic mild stress rats.

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