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Wnt 蛋白是一类分泌型糖蛋白家族，Wnt信号蛋白与细胞表面的多种受体相互作用，参与诸多生命过程。对神经系统发育的研究表明，Wnt信号通路在神经发生，神经祖细胞增值、分化，神经干细胞的自我更新，轴突导向等过程中起重要调控作用。多项研究已经证实，Wnt通路失调与诸多神经系统疾病有密切关系。Wnt信号通路的突变或异常，将会引起神经系统发育缺陷。然而，对 Wnt非经典信号通路的研究，尤其是新受体Ryk 的调控作用的认识迄今仍不全面。根据国内外相关研究，阐述了经典Wnt信号通路Wnt/beta-catenin途径的同时也对Wnt/Ryk 非经典信号途径这一研究新领域做了讨论。在非经典信号通路中，Ryk-ICD 的剪接对于前体细胞的神经分化起重要作用。本文分析了Wnt/beta-catenin 和Wnt/Ryk 信号通路在神经发育中的作用，有助于深入理解神经发育过程中Wnt信号通路的作用机制。然而，Ryk-ICD引导因子、分子机制等问题仍待进一步研究，而这将有利于理解神经干细胞分化机理。

英文摘要:

The wnt families are the type of glycocalyx .The interactions of Wnt families and their receptors are involved in many aspects of biological processes. The Wnt signal pathway is a key regulators for neurogenesis, proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitor cells, the self-renewal of neural stem cell, the establishment of axon tracts. Many nerve diseases could be occurred with Wnt pathways disorders. Mutations in the Wnt pathway transduction cascade cause a variety of neurological deficits. And yet the non canonical Wnt signals, especially the regulation function of new receptor Ryk, are not clear. Ryk-ICD plays an important role in precursor cells differentiation process. Here, we analyze the role of Wnt pathway during nervous system development. Influences on the pathways of canonical Wnt/ 茁-catenin and non canonical Wnt/Ryk signal are overviewed. However, such problems as Ryk - ICD leading factor, molecular mechanismremains to be further studied, and this will be conducive to understand the mechanismof neural stem cells differentiation.

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