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在妇女中，哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）、囊肿性纤维化（CF）等肺部疾病发病率不断增加。大量实验研究表明，女性肺部、气管疾病患者的病情随着女性生理周期存在波动，因此，在体内雌激素和孕激素含量变化可能与肺部疾病的病情轻重存在一定的关系。雌激素包括三类：雌三醇、雌二醇、雌酮，性激素主要与他们的特异性受体结合发挥作用：雌激素受体（ER-alpha、ER-beta），孕激素受体（PR-A、PRB），和雄激素受体（AR）。雄激素受体只有哺乳动物生殖腺中有表达；雌激素受体和孕激素受体不仅在哺乳动物雌性、雄性生殖腺中有表达，在乳腺、骨、心肌、肺和脑等组织器官中均有表达。临床实验数据已经表明，男女肺部疾病发病率存在明显差异，本文主要对雌激素与肺组织之间关系作一简要综述。

英文摘要:

The prevalence, morbidity, and mortality of inflammatory lung diseases such as ast- hma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseas e (COPD) and cystic fibrosis (CF) are increasing in women. Some large epidemiologic studies suggest that lung function fluctuates during the menstrua l cycle in female patients with airways disease but not in women without disease, suggesting that circulating estradiol and progesterone may be involved in this process. There are three major naturally occurring estrogens in women:1) estriol, 2) estradiol, and 3) estrone; Sex steroid hormones act via their own unique receptors: estrogen receptor (ER琢or ER茁), progesterone receptor (PR-A or PR-B), and an androgen receptor (AR). Androgen receptor is expressed primarily in mammalian reproductive tissues, ER-alpha, ER-beta, PR-A and PR-B expression have been noted not only in the mammalian female and male reproductive tracts, but also in the female mammary glands, bone, cardiovascular tissues, lung, and the brain. Taken together, clinical and invivo data have demonstrated a sex related difference that females may be more susceptible to the pathogene sis of lung diseases. In this paper , we review the relationship between estrogen and lung.

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