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乳房作为女性身体的一个重要器官，不仅具有孕育生命的作用，更是女性形体美最显著的标志。然而由于各种原因导致女性乳房的形态千差万别，这不仅严重影响了女性的形体美，而且会对女性带来各种轻重程度不等的身体不适，更严重者甚至会对女性的心理健康造成极大的影响。这就需要整形外科医生通过乳房整形手术重新塑造女性乳房的形态美。由于术后易发生皮瓣及乳头乳晕血供障碍、乳头乳晕区域支配神经的损伤以及乳房形态不佳，使得巨乳缩小整形术具有手术难度大，手术风险高，术后患者满意度较差的特点，成为乳房整形手术中的一大难点。究其原因，我们对于女性乳房的血供和神经支配，尤其是乳房内血管神经的具体走行和分支仍然未能了解得十分清晰。因此，开展乳房血供及神经支配的应用解剖研究，对于改良目前的乳房整形手术特别是巨乳缩小整形术术式，以降低手术相关并发症的发生率，具有及其重要的临床指导意义。本文主要从乳房的血供和神经支配两个方面，对乳房的应用解剖进展进行综述。

英文摘要:

Breast, as a vital organs ofthe body in woman, do not only have the function ofbringing up the baby, but also is a significant signs of female figure. However, female breast forms differ in thousands of ways due to various reasons, which did not only seriously affect the women's physical beauty, but also cause various discomfort, even great influence on women's mental health. This will require plastic surgeons to remodel the shape beauty of women's breast by breast plastic surgery. Breast reduction is the most difficult in the breast plastic surgery, because of its high risk and poor postoperative satisfaction. Skin flap necrosis, nipple-areolar complex necrosis, loss of feeling and poor postoperative breast shap are common complications postoperatively in breast reduction. The reason is that we still do not know the blood supply and innervation of female breast clearly, particularly the blood supply and innervation of nipple-areolar complex in female breast. Therefore, carrying out the applied anatomy of blood supply and innervation in female breast, is important for improving the current breast plastic surgery, especially breast reduction, reducing the incidence of postoperative complications. This article is about the applied anatomical progression of blood supply and innervation in female breast.

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