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乳腺癌是危及女性健康的常见恶性肿瘤之一，病死率较高，且发病年龄呈年轻化趋势。目前临床对乳腺疾病的检查方法很多，既往检查主要包括钼靶、超声等，因价格便宜、操作方便，已成为常规的乳腺疾病检查方法，但两者的敏感性和特异性较低并有自身的局限性。 CT 软组织分辨率较高，但检查过程中的 X 线剂量较大，并且动态增强时间较长，故作为乳腺钼靶的补充检查手段。这些检查方法对乳腺疾病均有不同的诊断意义，在当前众多诊断乳腺疾病方法中，具有无辐射,较高软组织分辨力及可多方位多层面成像的乳腺磁共振( MRI）成像有其独到的优势，某些方面能弥补超声和钼靶检查的局限性，乳腺磁共振可提供病灶形态学和增强血流动力学表现，可用于常规检查方法不能确诊病灶的鉴别诊断。乳腺肿瘤 MRI 成像对临床诊断、鉴别诊断及手术方案的选择有着极其重要的作用。本文就乳腺 MRI 影像技术、 MRI 影像学表现及其临床应用予以综述，探讨 MRI 在乳腺肿瘤中的应用。

英文摘要:

Breast cancer, with high mortality, is one of the common malignant tumors endanger women's health, and the age of onset of which is getting younger and younger. There are several clinical ways to check for breast disease, among which the previous examinations, including mammography and ultrasound, are cheap and easy to operate, and have become routine methods for breast disease inspection. But they both have low sensitivity and specificity and their own limitations. CT soft tissue, with higher resolution but large X-ray dose in the inspection process and long dynamic contrast-enhanced time, has been used as supplementary examination methods of mammography. These inspection methods of breast disease have different diagnostic significances. Among the numerous methods of diagnosis of breast disease, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has unique advantages such as high soft tissue resolution, no radiation, multi-directional and multi-dimensional imaging. In some way, breast MRI may be able to compensate for the limitations of the ultrasound and digital mammography. Breast MRI can provide lesions morphology and enhance hemodynamic performance, thus can be used for identification diagnosis when lesions can not be definitely diagnosed by routine examinations. Breast tumor MRI has an extremely important role for clinical diagnosis, differential diagnosis and the selection of operative procedures. Breast MRI imaging technology, MRI imaging findings and the clinical application are reviewed to explore the application of MRI in breast tumor.

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