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肺癌仍然是现在最常见的恶性肿瘤之一。小细胞肺癌（Small cell lung cancer，SCLC）是肺癌中恶性程度最高的一种类型，与吸烟密切相关，其较早发生远处转移和播散导致预后差，目前的主要治疗手段有手术、化学治疗、放射治疗。但其具有初始化放疗敏感，却很快耐受的特点，导致了它总体预后不良，生存期短。如何寻求一种有效的疾病预后、疗效判断标记物，显得尤为重要。本文主要介绍近年来在小细胞肺癌中分子标记物的研究进展，包括神经内分泌的相关蛋白、凋亡蛋白抑制剂（Survivin）、相关酶类及膜蛋白，这些分子标记物与小细胞肺癌疾病的进展、预后密切相关，能够为临床的疾病治疗评估提供潜在可行的方法。但是，这些标记物仍存在特异性不高的问题，最终应用于临床实践，仍需要更多的临床研究。

英文摘要:

Lung cancer is still one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies. Small cell lung cancer is an aggressive form of lung cancer that is strongly associated with cigarette smoking and has a tendency for early dissemination leading to poor prognosis. The main treatment means are surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. It has initial responses nearly invariably followed by rapid recurrence of therapy-resistant disease resulting in poor survival rates. Now there is no available early detection strategy or targeted therapy. Therefore, it is important to find out effective molecular markers which can evaluate disease prognosis and survival time. In this review, we study the research progress of molecular markers in SCLC, including neuroendocrine related proteins, apoptosis protein inhibitor (Survivin), relevant enzymes and membrane proteins. These molecular markers are closely associated with the development and prognosis of SCLC. They may provide potential feasible method for clinical treatment. However, the specificity of these markers are still not high enough and it also need more clinical studies for effective clinical application.

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