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摘要：黄芩性味苦寒，可清热燥湿、泻火解毒，历代医籍中记载了黄芩及其配伍方剂治疗肺疾病的功效，现代临床治疗流感的方剂和制剂中黄芩也是常用的一味中药，。黄芩的主要有效成分为黄芩苷、黄芩素和汉黄芩素等，现代研究表明黄芩及其成分对多种流感病毒感染的肺炎动物模型确有效果，其作用机制包括直接抗病毒作用和调节免疫炎症反应两方面。黄芩及其成分通过阻止病毒吸附、抑制病毒基因复制和蛋白合成、抑制神经氨酸酶活性等起到直接的抗病毒作用；通过调节促炎性细胞因子的合成和释放、抑制炎症介质、抗氧化、清除自由基等作用，抑制免疫炎症反应，减轻病理损伤。在调节免疫炎症反应方面的研究总体还偏少，研究也不够系统、深入。今后应加强在调节免疫炎症机制方面的研究，突出中药的特点，阐明黄芩及其成分的药效机制，最终开发出抗流感病毒制剂。

英文摘要:

Scutellaria baicalensis, is a traditional Chinese medicine featured by its bitter and cold taste as well as its capability to purge fire for remove toxin. The application of Scutellaria baicalensis and its compatibility with other Chinese medicine in treating lung diseases abound in ancient medical books. It is widely used in the prescriptions and preparations for treating influenza clinically. Baicalin, baicalein and wogonin are the effective components of Scutellaria baicalensis. Modern research suggests that they are effective in animals with influenza virus-induced pneumonia. Studies have also confirmed that their anti-influenza role can be elucidated from two aspects: its direct role and the indirect one. The indirect one can be attributed to its function in modulating immune inflammatory responses. Its direct function against influenza can be achieved by inhibiting viral absorption, prohibiting replication of viral gene and protein synthesis, decreasing the activity of neuramidinase. And studies have also shown that Scutellaria baicalensis can inhibit immune inflammation by regulating the synthesis and release of cytokines, inhibiting inflammatory mediators as well exerting its antioxidant and anti-radical role, thus enabling the lung undergo less pathological injuries. Despite numerous studies on the mechanism of Scutellaria baicalensis against influenza, investigations regarding its anti-inflammation function are few, relatively general and superficial. Therefore, researches concerning this aspect need further exploration. And there is also need to clarify the uniqueness of Chinese medicine in treating influenza, which requires us to focus on the exact mechanism of Scutellaria baicalensis against influenza. And it is hoped that through the explorations, new agents against influenza can be developed.

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