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光声成像（PAT）是利用光声效应获得生物组织或材料的断层图像或三维立体图像的一种成像方法，它兼具光学和声学成像的优点，从而成为目前比较有应用前景的一种成像模式。光声成像造影剂是光声成像的对比增强剂，它通过改变局部组织的声学和光学特性，提高成像对比度和分辨率，从而显著增强光声成像的成像效果，成为当前生物医学领域研究的一个热点。目前常见的光声成像造影剂主要有金纳米材料，碳纳米材料，染料相关纳米材料以及其他纳米材料，这些材料有它们独特的优势，它们尺寸小，稳定性好，具有良好的生物相容性，但在临床应用时本身又存在一些问题。本文综述了光声成像造影剂的种类并简要概述了其研究进展，并对其未来在生物医学领域的应用前景做了进一步展望。

英文摘要:

Photoacoustic tomography（PAT）or photoacoustic imaging is an imaging method that gets the tomography images or 3d images of biological tissues through photoacoustic effect, which combines the advantages of optical and acoustic imaging, and becomes one of the most widely used imaging modality. Photoacoustic imaging contrast agents enhance the contrast ratio of image by changing the acoustic and optical properties of local tissue, improving the contrast and resolution of image, and thus significantly enhancing the imaging effect, which is becoming a hot research topic in the current field of biomedicine. The kinds of common photoacoustic imaging contrast agents at present are gold-based nano materials, carbon-based nano materials, dye-based nano materials, and other nano materials, which usually own their unique advantages, for example: small size, excellent stability and good biological compatibility, but there still exist some problems need to be resolved for their clinical application. Here we review the kinds of photoacoustic imaging contrast agents and briefly overview of their research progress in this paper, at last conduct a further outlook of the application prospects in the field of biomedicine.

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