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结核分枝杆菌是引起结核病的病原体，该细菌可侵犯全身各组织器官。结核病是一种慢性传染性疾病，具有持久性特点。该细菌为胞内寄生菌，特异性免疫以细胞免疫为主，主要包括CD4+T 细胞免疫和CD8+T细胞免疫。结核分枝杆菌特异性免疫应答的特点之一是感染早期T 细胞免疫应答延迟。其机制与结核杆菌抑制免疫细胞( CD4+和CD8+T 细胞及DC) 凋亡延迟应答，通过特异性Treg细胞抑制作用延迟应答以及结核杆菌慢性感染期间存在IFN-γ信号调节网络和ESAT-6 抗原的慢性刺激作用有关，以此可调节和维持免疫应答。深入了解抗原特异性T细胞特异性免疫应答的机制，有益于抗结核疫苗的研制，为临床工作提供理论依据和科学方法。

英文摘要:

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis is the pathogen causing TB, the bacteria may be infringing the body's tissues and organs. Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious diseases, as it's pathogen,Mycobacterium Tuberculosis characterized by persistence is a kind of intracellular bacterium. CD4+ and CD8+ cell immunity are the main forms of resistance to bacterial. Mycobacterium Tuberculosis is a kind of intracellular bacterium. CD4+ and CD8+ cell immunity are the main forms of resistance to bacterial.Mycobacterium Tuberculosis infection was a delay in the early stage of infection of T-cell immune responses. Recent studies have revealed the mechanisms that contribute to this delayed responses, it is that Mtb. delays immune response by inhibiting apoptosis of immune cells (CD4+ and CD8+T cells as well as DC) and the inhibition of specific regulatory T cells (Treg).There exists an IFN-酌signal regulating network and chronic stimulation of ESAT-6 antigen during the chronic Mtb infection, by which the mechanism could regulate and maintain the immune response. Further understanding the mechanisms of the adaptive immune responses that regulate and maintain by antigen-specific T cell is beneficial to the development of anti-TB vaccine. As to provide theoretical basis for clinical work and scientific method.

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