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目的：恶性胸腔积液是晚期非小细胞肺癌常见的并发症，严重影响患者的生活质量及预后。治疗恶性胸腔积液的方法虽多，但疗效有限，且目前尚无统一的治疗规范。本研究通过向胸腔内注入香菇多糖和金葡素，观察其治疗恶性胸腔积液的疗效和安全性。方法：60 例恶性胸腔积液患者随机分成两组，每组30 例：A 组（香菇多糖组），B 组（金葡素组）。通过胸腔闭式引流术排净胸腔积液后，分别向胸腔内注入香菇多糖、金葡素，评价两组的有效率和毒副反应。结果：两组疗效显著：香菇多糖组CR 11 例，PR 12 例，NC 3例，PD 4例，治疗有效率为76.7%，金葡素组CR 14 例，PR 11 例，NC 4例，PD 2例，治疗有效率为83.3%，两组疗效比较无显著性差异（x2=0.42, P＞0.05）；两组毒副反应轻微，主要为骨髓抑制、胃肠道反应和发热，两组毒副反应比较无显著性差异（x2=0.58, P＞0.05），全组无毒性相关死亡。结论：胸腔内注入香菇多糖和金葡素可有效杀灭肿瘤细胞、促进胸膜粘连，显著缓解症状，提高机体免疫功能，改善生活质量和预后。二者疗效相当，不良反应轻微，值得临床大力推荐应用。

英文摘要:

Objective:Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a common complication of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), severely deteriorate the quality of life and lead to a poor prognosis. At present there lots of study on how to treat MPE, but the effect is controversial and there is no standard one. From this, we inject lentinan and highly agglutinative staphylococcin (HAS) into thoracic to study their efficacy and safety in treating malignant pleural effusion.Methods:60 patients with MPE were randomly divided into group A (lentinan group) and groupB (HAS group). After completing drainage of pleural fluid, the 60 patients were allocated to receive lentinan or HAS by intrapleural injection. The clinical efficacy and adverse reactions were observed and compared according to WHO standard.Results:The efficacy of two groups is notable. In group A, CR 11, PR 12, NC 3, PD 4, the effective rate was 76.7%, while in HAS group, CR 14, PR 11, NC 4, PD 2, the effective rate was 83.3%, and there was no significant difference between two groups (x2=0.42, P＞0.05). The main toxicity, matological toxicity, gastrointestinal tract side reaction and fever, is tolerated. There was no significant difference between two groups （x2=0.58, P＞0.05）. There was no treatment-related death.Conclusion:Treatment of lentinan or HAS by intrapleural injection in MPE is safe and effective, can remarkably inhibit the growth of tumor, promote pleural adhesions, relief symptom, improve immune function, the quality of life and prognosis. The effective of intrapleural HAS injection in the treatment of MPE is seemed to equal intrapleural lentinan.

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