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目的：通过分析北京市方庄地区儿童全血微量营养素的含量及影响因素，研究探讨微量营养素缺乏的防治措施。方法：2011 年1 月至12 月北京中医药大学东方医院儿科门诊1887 例健康体检儿童，收集末梢血，采用原子吸收光谱仪检测全血5 种微量营养素铜、锌、钙、镁、铁的含量，并从性别、年龄、季节（月份）方面进行比较分析。结果：全血5种微量营养素含量无性别差异（P＞ 0.05），但存在季节差异，4-6 月铜、锌含量降低；7-9 月钙、镁含量降低；10-12 月铁含量降低（P＜0.05）。全血锌、铁含量存在年龄差异，婴幼儿最低（P＜ 0.05）。1887例儿童中，缺乏较多的元素依次为铁（38.8%）、钙（22.3%）、锌（12.8%），其中，4-7 岁（17.0%）、7-12 岁（21.5%）年龄段组以锌缺乏居多。1 岁以内（51.2%）、1-3 岁（44.6%）年龄段组以铁缺乏居多。全血铜、锌、钙、铁缺乏无性别差异（P＞0.05）。全血5 种微量营养素缺乏存在季节差异，1-3 月镁缺乏明显，4-6 月铜、锌缺乏明显，10-12 月钙、铁缺乏明显（P＜0.05）。结论：北京市方庄地区儿童主要存在锌、钙、铁的缺乏，以秋冬季及初春明显。其中婴幼儿以铁缺乏为主，学龄前期及学龄期儿童以锌缺乏为主。应加强对此地区儿童的营养宣教和饮食指导。

英文摘要:

Objective:Analysing micronutrients content in Beijing Fangzhuang Children’s whole blood, identifying the influencing factors, and researching the prevention measures of Micronutrient deficiencies.Methods:1887 cases of peripheral blood of healthy outpatient children from the Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2011 to December 2011 were collected. Whole blood contents of copper, zinc, calcium, magnesium and iron were examined using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The comparative analysis of gender, age and season was also conducted.Results:there were no differences in micronutrient content of whole blood among different genders (P＞0.05), but among different seasons; Copper and zinc content decreased fromApril to June, calciumand magnesiumcontent decreased fromJuly to September, iron content decreased fromOctober to December (P<0.05). Whole blood content of zinc and iron showed difference among different age groups, the lowest being infant (P＜0.05). From the 1887 cases of children, the most lacking elements were iron (38.8%), calcium(22.3%) and zinc (12.8%). Among different age groups, the most zinc deficient age groups were 4-7 years old (17.0%) and 7-12 years old (21.5%). Among different age groups, the most iron deficient age groups were less than a 1 year old (51.2%) and 1-3 years old (44.6%). Whole blood content of copper, zinc, calcium and iron deficiency showed no difference among different genders (P>0.05). There were different whole blood micronutrient deficiencies among different seasons; from January to March, significant magnesium deficiency was shown; from April to June, significant copper and zinc deficiency was shown; from October to December, significant calcium and iron deficiency was shown (P<0.05).Conclusion:Beijing Fangzhuang children had showed zinc, calcium and iron deficiency, and these deficiency of elements was evident in autumn, winter and early spring. Infant mainly showed iron deficiency, and preschool and school-age children mainly showed zinc deficiency. The children of this region should strengthen nutrition education and dietary guidance.

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