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摘要：脑水肿是指各种原因导致的脑组织水含量增多，可导致脑容积增大、颅内压增高，脑水肿发病机制复杂,是多种颅脑疾病如脑静脉血栓形成、脑缺血、脑出血、脑组织创伤等的主要病理生理改变之一，其形成严重影响疾病预后，是颅脑疾病中致残、致死的主要原因。水通道蛋白(Aquaporin，缩写为AQP)是一个具有高度选择性通透水的膜通道蛋白家族，包括200 多个家族成员，其蛋白质分子结构中有一狭窄的亲水性孔道，通过该孔道水分子从水位势能高的一侧迅速扩散到势能低的一侧，而其它的物质则不能通过；AQP-4 是脑内含量最多的水通道蛋白，最近研究表明AQP-4参与多种颅脑疾病的脑水肿的形成及消退。本文就AQP-4 在几种常见类型脑水肿中的表达及作用进行综述。

英文摘要:

ABSTRACT:Brain water content increasing, can lead to brain volume and intracranial pressure increased. Pathogenesis mechanism of cerebral edema are intricately, and cerebral edema is one of the major pathophysiological changes in various kinds of brain diseases, such as cerebral venous thrombosis, cerebral ischemia, cerebral hemorrhage and brain tissue trauma, seriously affecting the prognosis of the disease, and it is the main reason of brain disease of disability and death. Aquaporin is a highly selective water permeability membrane channel proteins, including more than 200 members of the family, the protein molecular structure with a narrow hydrophilic pore, through which channel the water molecules from the high potential side spread rapidly to the low potential side, while other materials can not pass through. AQP-4 is the most abundant brain aquaporins. and recent studies show that it involved in the formation of brain edema in a variety of brain diseases. This paper reviewed the role and expression of AQP-4 in several common types of brain edema.

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