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胚胎干细胞（ES cells)为多能干细胞，来自哺乳动物胚胎早期。ES细胞表达的Ras(ERas)基因促进其体外增殖和肿瘤形成。该基因产物Ras蛋白关联和激活多个下游效应，调控多种细胞反应来参与细胞增殖，存活与分化。ERas 基因位于X染色体短臂（Xp11.23），其cDNA 编码的蛋白包含227 个氨基酸，与传统ras 基因Hras，Kras 和Nras 分别有43%，46%和47%的相似性，故属于新的ras家族成员，与传统ras 基因不同的是ERas 基因非常活跃但不带有任何突变。近几年发现ERas基因的表达与胃癌密切相关，本文就ERas基因在人胃癌细胞和组织中的表达及其机制的最新进展做一综述，主要包括三个方面：1，ERas 基因在胃癌细胞和组织中的表达情况及其功能。2，ERas 基因在胃癌细胞中的表观遗传调控。3，ERas 基因与胃癌肝和淋巴结转移的关系。

英文摘要:

Embryonic stemcells (ES cells) are pluripotent cells derived from early mammalian embryos. ES cell expressed Ras (ERas) oncogene supports the vitro proliferation and tumorigenicity of ES cells. The product of Ras proteins associate with and activate multiple downstream effectors that control diverse cellular responses involved in cell proliferation, survival and differentiation. ERas gene is located on the the short armof X chromosome（Xp11.23）, the cDNA encodes a protein of 227 amino acids with 43%, 46%and 47%identity to HRas, KRas and NRas, respectively. Therefore ERas gene is a unique member of ras family and unlike other ras family members, ERas is constitutively active without any mutations. In recent years, we found that the expression of ERas gene is closely related to gastric cancer. This article review the latest developments in expression and mechanism of ERas gene in human gastric cancer cells and tissues from the following three aspects: 1, The expression and function of ERas gene in gastric cancer cells and tissues. 2, The epigenetic regulation of ERas gene in gastric cancer cells. 3, The relation of ERas gene with liver and lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer.

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