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目的：探讨子宫内膜异位症累及输尿管的诊断和治疗方法。方法：术前诊断为右侧输尿管下段占位病变伴右肾积水的42 岁女性患者，行下腹正中切口，探查右侧输尿管开口处可见淡黄色息肉样病变，突入膀胱，输尿管下段增粗并全程扩张积水，行输尿管下段并膀胱袖式切除，输尿管膀胱再植术。术后病理报告为输尿管子宫内膜异位症。结果：术后复查B 超示右肾积水较术前恢复，术后予抑那通3.75mg/28d，随访6 个月未见复发。结论：对于输尿管占位并上尿路积水的女性患者，除考虑肿瘤外还应考虑子宫内膜异位症可能。手术联合内分泌治疗是治疗输尿管子宫内膜异位伴肾积水的有效方法。

英文摘要:

Objective: To explore the diagnosis and treatment of ureteral endometriosis. Methods: A 42-year-old female diagnosed of neoplasm in the remote part of right ureter and hydronephrosis before surgery, underwent the middle incision in the lower abdominal wall to explore the right ureter. A yellow ploid tissue near the orifice of the right ureter was found, which was grown into the bladder. The lower part of the ureter was thickening and the whole course of right ureter dialated because of hydroureterosis. The lower part of right ureter and the peripherry bladder wall was resected, and the patient underwent ureteroneocystostomy. The pathological report revealed the endometriosis in the ureter. Results: After surgery the ultrasound examination revealed that the hydronephrosis in the right kidney decreased. After surgery 3.75 mg enatone was given every 28 days，no recurrence in 6 months of follow-up. Conclusion: For female patients with ureteral mass complicated with hydronephrosis, besides tumor, the endometrosis should be considered. Surgery combined with endocrine therapy is an effective therapy for the ureteral endometrosis with hydronephrosis.

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