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肾癌发病率约占全身恶性肿瘤的3%。肾癌组织学行为多变，预后有不确定性。外科手术可以治疗局限性肾癌，但有将近 20%的局限性肾癌患者原发肿瘤切除后出现转移，而且肾癌对化疗及放疗均不敏感。基于此临床上开展了许多辅助试验的研究，并建立了许多模型来研究肾癌术后的预后，而模型的精准度一般都需要依据肾癌的生物标记物监测。有很多分子生物标记物已经证实和肾癌预后相关，如VHL、P53、Ki-67 等，本文综述了肾癌预后的分子生物标记物的最新进展。

英文摘要:

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents 3% of adult malignancies. A hallmark of renal cell carcinoma is its variable prognosis.Surgical resecction of primary renal cell carcinoma can be cuiative when the disease is localized. However, approximately 20% of patients with eraly stages of localized renal cell carcinomas subsequently develop metastatsis after the primary tumor is removed, furthermore, the therapeutic options are limited due to a lack of sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. As such, several adjuvant trials have been designed to treat patients at particularly high risk for post surgical RCC progression. Several different prognostic models designed to identify patients at high risk of disease progression are available. Although these available predictive models provide a reasonable assessment of patients' risks of disease progression, the accuracy of these models may further be improved via the incorporation of molecular prognostic biomarkers. In recent years, several promising biomarkers, such as VHL, P53, Ki-67 and so on, have been identified by large retrospective studies. The authors review the current prognostic molecular biomarkers for predicting disease progression for RCC.

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