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目的：依据发育重演律的理论，比较进化程度不同的脊椎动物骨骼肌是否存在结构层次的差异。方法：选取进化程度不同的脊椎动物，如哺乳动物、鸟类、两栖动物及鱼类，选择各类有代表性并容易取材的动物，通过苏木精伊红染色（HE 染色）的方法对健康的昆明白小鼠、家兔、家鸽、牛蛙、鲫鱼背部及腿部肌肉横切面进行观察。结果：昆明白小鼠、家兔、家鸽、牛蛙、鲫鱼的骨骼肌都有相类似的层次结构，即每块骨骼肌由数个肌束构成，骨骼肌外被肌外膜，肌束由肌束膜包绕，每个肌束又由众多肌纤维构成，肌纤维由肌内膜包绕。骨骼肌的层次结构与动物的进化程度和实验取材部位无关。结论：表明进化程度不同的脊椎动物骨骼肌的进化程度相近。表明骨骼肌的3 层结构并非在脊椎动物阶段进化完成的。

英文摘要:

Objective: To Compare the difference of anatomical structure of skeletal muscles from different evolutional vertebrates according to the ontogenic law which was raised by Professor LU in 2008. The ontogenic law is a law of individual development, which is suggested on the base of developmental biology and knowledge of stem cell. The law considers that the development of individual is a process of blastocyst-like structure to form and evolve. Methods: Choose different degree of evolutional vertebrates, such as mammals, birds, amphibians and fishes. Especially choose the vertebrates which are representative and easy to get. Observe the cross sections of different vertebrates such as Kunming white mouse, rabbit, Columba livia domestica, rana catesbeiana and crucian through hematoxylin and eosin staining (HE staining). Results: The results show that skeletal muscles of Kunming white mouse, rabbit, Columba livia domestica, rana catesbeiana and crucian have similar anatomical structures. In other words, groups of muscle fibers are formed into fascicles, which are encasement by endomysium, while groups of fascicles are formed into a muscle, the fascicles are encasement by perimysium and the muscle is encasement by epimysium. Neither the degree of vertebrates evolution nor where to draw the materials from the vertebrates have no relationship with the anatomical structure of skeletal muscles. Conclusions: It indicates that vertebrates of different evolutional degree have similar evolutional degree of their skeletal muscles. And it also shows that anatomical structures of skeletal muscles have three layers, which are muscle, fascicle and muscle fiber. They could not have completed during the evolutional level of vertebrates. The result of the experiment shows that the skeletal muscles have gone through three evolutional period at least, and during the process of skeletal muscles development, they also have gone through three times of cell differentiation.

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