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摘要：干细胞是一类具有多向分化潜能的细胞群，如胚胎干细胞(embryonic stem cell，ESC)、诱导多潜能干细胞(induced pluripotent stem cell，iPSC)等，可在特定的条件下向包括视网膜感光细胞在内的多种细胞分化。小分子化合物是一类由组织细胞合成、分泌的小分子多肽类因子，特定的小分子化合物可作用于干细胞诱导其向视网膜感光细胞分化。目前，对干细胞体外培养，通过使用不同的诱导培养方案，探索干细胞向视网膜感光细胞分化的研究成为热点。早期，研究者们主要在共培养条件下采用小分子化合物诱导ESC向视网膜感光细胞分化，随着研究的进展，逐渐开始探索在无共培养条件下小分子化合物诱导ESC向视网膜感光细胞的分化以及小分子化合物诱导iPSC向视网膜感光细胞的分化。本文主要就小分子化合物促进ESC和iPSC向视网膜感光细胞分化的研究进展进行综述。

英文摘要:

ABSTRACT: Stem cells are pluripotent cells with capacity self-replication, such as embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, which can differentiate into a variety of cell types including retinal photoreceptor cells under certain conditions. Small molecule compounds are a kind of small molecule polypeptide, which is synthesized and secreted by the tissue cells and act on stem cells to induce their differentiation into retinal photoreceptor. Stem cells are cultured in vitro, and the study of the differentiation of stem cells into retinal photoreceptor cells has become a hot spot by using different induction culture programs. In order to provide the help for the further study of the differentiation of stem cells into the photoreceptor cells of retina and the clinical treatment of retinal degeneration diseases. In the early stage, researchers mainly used small molecule compounds to induce ESC to differentiate into photoreceptor cells under co culture conditions. With the development of the research, it has been gradually explored that small molecule compounds induce ESC to differentiate into photoreceptor cells in the absence of co culture and the differentiation of iPSC into photoreceptor cells induced by small molecules. In this paper, the research status of small molecular compounds promoting embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells to differentiate into retinal photoreceptor cells were reviewed.

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