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正畸牙移动是在机械力的作用下，通过对牙周膜产生牵张或压缩的力来引起牙周组织在生理限度内的组织改建，从而达到牙齿移动、矫治畸形的目的。由于没有明显的年龄限制，正畸矫治在全球范围已变得越来越普遍。因此，相关的研究也日益增多。牙齿移动的生物学基础是正畸力作用于牙周组织激活一系列信号转导通路，进而引起牙周膜的修复改建。为指导临床、加速正畸矫治疗程提供新的思路，本文综述了近年来有关正畸牙移动相关信号通路的研究进展。发现最新的研究集中在MAPK 信号通路， Wnt/beta-catenin 信号通路，PI3K／AKt／mTOR信号通路，BMP-2 信号通路，Caspase-3 介导的凋亡通路较多。但是正畸牙移动引起的牙周组织改建是一个多种生物力学信号转导通路相互调节相互作用的过程，对于上述信号通路之间的相互关系还有待于我们更进一步的探索。

英文摘要:

Orthodontic tooth movement is a progress that causes the physiologic adaptation to mechanical strains. It is used to move the tooth/correct the deformity via the externally applied forces to the periodontal tissue; the applied forces create either compressive or tensile strains.Thanks to its loose requirement on age restriction, orthodontic treatment is becoming more prevalent across the globe.Therefore, the number of literature about the orthodontic tooth movement has been increasing. The biological theory of orthodontic tooth movement is based on the mechanotransduction mechanism.Under this mechanism, the transduction of mechanical signals by tissues help activate a series of signal transduction pathways as mechanical response of bone, resulting in the periodontal ligament repair. In order to provide clinical guidance and to advance the development of orthodontic treatment, this paper reviews the literatures that study the signaling pathway in orthodontic tooth movement. It is found that the latest researches have been focused on Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, Wnt/beta- catenin signaling pathway, PI3K/AKt/mTOR signaling pathway, BMP- 2 signaling pathway and Caspase-3 mediated apoptosis pathway. However, physiologic adaptation in orthodontic tooth movement is the result of multiple biomechanics of signal transduction pathways; further studies on how these pathways interact with each other need to be done to make the whole literature about the orthodontic tooth movement complete.

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