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长时间飞行活动所致的精神疲劳一直是航空航天医学中一个重要的课题。尤其随着我军航空技术的发展，精神疲劳已经成为影响飞行安全的重要原因之一。研究发现，精神疲劳发生时，机体的生理、心理、生化和工作绩效等功能会发生变化。例如，精神疲劳时，脑电图的theta 波、delta 波和alpha 波发生变化、瞳孔直径增大、心率变异性的低频谱功率升高和高频谱功率降低、姿势控制能力下降、反应时延长、临界融合频率降低、血浆中氨基酸等功能性分子水平改变和认知能力的下降等。精神疲劳的客观评定方法就是研究者借助于某些设备来监测到这些变化，并根据这些变化对疲劳状态进行判断。本文将从生理、心理、生化和作业绩效等方面阐述了精神疲劳客观的评定方法，并指出了这些方法的优缺点。最后，本文对精神疲劳评价方法发展趋势做出了初步的判断，即我们应对精神疲劳进行综合量化评定，这样才能更全面准确地评估精神疲劳。

英文摘要:

Mental fatigue due to long time flight activities is a very important issue in aerospace medicine. With the aircraft technology advancing, mental fatigue has been one of major factors that may have adverse effect on flight safety. Studies have shown that physiological and psychological parameters, biochemical indicators and work performance would change when mental fatigue happened. For examples, the changing beta power density, alpha power density and theta power density of electroencephalography, the larger pupil diameter, the increasing percentage of the very low power density and decreasing percentage of high power density of heart rate variability, the damaging postural control ability, the longer reaction time, the decreasing critical flicker fusion frequency, the changing level of functional molecules such as amino acid in plasma and the decreasing task performance et al would be found when mental fatigue appeared. The objective assessment methods for mental fatigue are that the researchers try to assess those functions changing with some professional instruments, and judge the fatigue states according to those changing. In this paper, we summarize the objective assessment methods of mental fatigue from the following aspects including physiological and psychological parameters, biochemical indicators and work performance et al. At last, we form a preliminary opinion on the tendency of mental fatigue assessment. We should develop a comprehensive quantitative assessment for mental fatigue so that we could assess mental fatigue accurately and comprehensively.

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