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目的：近年来，防暴武器的发展迅速，防暴武器伤的救治已成为医学上的一个重要研究课题。在此背景下，制定了18.4 mm 橡皮霰弹的生物学试验模型，即在常温状态下，研究18.4 mm 橡皮霰弹对两种试验动物在不同距离、不同防护、不同部位条件下的胸、腹部损伤情况。通过损伤效应研究，判断防暴武器的安全性能及损伤特点，为客观的从生物学角度评价防暴武器性能及防暴武器伤的救治提供可靠的生物学依据，建立可靠的生物学模型，并进一步探讨损伤后X线检查的重要性和必要性。方法：利用两种动物、三个距离、三种防护、四个部位定点射击，从临床及X线表现等多方面进行比较、分析，并得出统计学结果。结果：两种生物、三种条件、三个距离、四个部位均出现了不同程度橡皮弹损伤，体内出现具有统计学规律的弹丸存留，部分出现贯通伤。结论：18.4 mm 橡皮霰弹的损伤程度与距离增加呈负相关，三种距离条件下，5 m对生物的损伤最大。动物种类的不同，射击部位的不同，有着明显的损伤差异，主要与组织厚度和组织结构特点有关与组织厚度和组织结构特点有关。损伤的程度，与防护密切相关，三种防护条件下，棉服防护的损伤效应明显减轻。X线摄片检查可以直观显示弹丸在其体内存留的数量、位置及深度，以及造成的骨折损伤，可以为临床解剖提供比较可靠的依据，为防暴武器生物学试验提供较为直观的影像学依据。

英文摘要:

Objective:In recent years, anti-riot weapons injury medical treatment has become an important research topic. In this context, the biological test model of 18.4 mm rubber bullet is established. To research the traumas of two kinds of animals’chest and abdomen fired by 18.4 mmbutter bullet in various distances, protections, and parts of the body. As well, to estimate the safety of anti-riot weapon, provide the biological evidences for X-ray examination and clinical treatment, and to further explore the importance and necessity of the X-ray examination.Methods:Two animals, three distances, three kinds of protections, and four body parts are involved. The statistical results are acquired by analyzing clinical situations and X-ray findings.Results:Two kinds of animal have the varying degrees of traumas under the conditions of three distances, three kinds of protections, and four body parts. In the laboratory animals’ body the distribution of bullets shows statistical regularity. Puncture wounds happen even in some laboratory animals.Conclusion:The injury severity of 18.4 mmRubber bullet is negatively related to the distance, and the most serious wound happens within 5 meters. There are significant differences in jury with different animal species and body parts. And injury appears to correlate with tissues’thickness, structure, and protections. The degree of damage is closely related to protection, and cotton clothes can significantly reduce the damaging effects. The quantity, position, and depth of the rubber bullets in the laboratory animals’body and the fractures can be clearly displayed by X-ray examination. The X-ray findings can provide the reliable evidences for clinical treatment and biological experiments of the anti-riot weapon.

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