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糖尿病视网膜疾病是导致成年人失明的主要因素，是糖尿病的一种令人恐惧的并发症，高血糖被认为是促进其发展的主要原因。高血糖不断地破坏视网膜的微血管系统最终导致视网膜的许多代谢，结构和功能的紊乱。视网膜微血管内皮细胞在微脉管系统中形成树枝状供应视网膜神经，这些内皮细胞的解剖和生理符合重要视觉保护的营养需求[1]。一方面，内皮组织务必确保氧的供应和代谢活跃的视网膜营养供应；另一方面，内皮细胞有助于血-视网膜屏障将循环产生的毒素分子,白细胞促炎性物质排出体外来保护视网膜，这种特性也可能会引起疾病，比如：视网膜血管的渗漏和新生血管，炎性物质转移，因此，视网膜内皮细胞在视网膜缺血性病变，血管炎中起到重要作用，包括糖尿病视网膜病变和视网膜炎症或感染尤其是后葡萄膜炎。使用基因表达和蛋白质组学分析等研究方法,有助于了解这些疾病的发病机制。为了进一步开展对糖尿病视网膜疾病的研究，有必要就目前有关糖尿病视网膜病变患者微血管内皮细胞的研究进展予以综述，旨在为糖尿病视网膜病变的深入研究提供参考依据。

英文摘要:

Diabetic retinopathy, the leading cause of acquired blindness in young adults, is one of the most feared complications of diabetes, and hyperglycemia is considered as the major trigger for its development. The microvasculature of the retina is constantly bombarded by high glucose, and this insult results in many metabolic, structural and functional changes. Retinal endothelial cells line the arborizing microvasculature that supplies and drains the neural retina. The anatomical and physiological characteristics of these endothelial cells are consistent with nutritional requirements and protection of a tissue critical to vision. On the one hand, the endothelium must ensure the supply of oxygen and other nutrients to the metabolically active retina, and allow access to circulating cells that maintain the vasculature or survey the retina for the presence of potential pathogens. On the other hand, the endothelium contributes to the blood-retinal barrier that protects the retina by excluding circulating molecular toxins, microorganisms, and pro-inflammatory leukocytes. Features required to fulfill these functions may also predispose to disease processes, such as retinal vascular leakage and neovascularization, and trafficking of microbes and inflammatory cells. Thus, the retinal endothelial cell is a key participant in retinal ischemic vasculopathies that include diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity, and retinal inflammation or infection, as occurs in posterior uveitis. Using gene expression and proteomic profiling, it has been possible to contribute to understanding of the pathogenesis of these diseases.This article reviewed the progression in research on the retinal vascular endothelial cell in diabetic retinopathy .

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