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维持一定的跨质膜电势，关乎到细胞内外物质交换的基本代谢能否顺利进行，因此是所有细胞生存的前提。这是生物的单细胞祖先发展出的有效生存手段，当进化到多细胞生物体后却遇到麻烦。多细胞生物为细胞营群居生活，在物理导体的静电荷分布规律的支配下，个体细胞所携外正内负的净电荷有向细胞集团边缘汇集的趋势，导致多数细胞失去本身所携净电荷，不能维持正常跨膜电势，从而逐渐失去活力。这可能就是多细胞生物衰老的根本原因。衰老是生物体在发育中随细胞数量增多不可避免的自然发生的效应。有证据显示以上描述的电荷分布变化过程的假说是真实存在。植物体中细胞所携电荷的汇集，以及随之发生的带电离子从高浓度区向低浓度区的扩散流失，可导致产生有趣的植物生电的现象，例如大树发电。对植物电压、电的极性、高密度电荷位点分布的测结果与此假说理论完全吻合。

英文摘要:

Whether the basic metabolism of the substances exchange between cellular inner and outer membrane can smoothly process is depended on maintaining certain transmembrane electric potential. Therefore it is the premise of cell survival. This is a survival approach developed by single cell of biological ancestor. The organisms met trouble when they developed to multicellular organisms. The multicellular organisms are living in groups. Under the control of the distribution law of electrostatic charge in physics conductor, there is a trend that the positive charge of inner membrane and negative charge of outer membrane in individual cell gather to the edge of cell group, which cause that the multicellular organisms loss the net charge carried by themselves and can not maintain the transmembrane electric potential, then gradually loss their vitality. It might be the root cause of aging of multicellular organisms. Aging is an unavoidable effect along with the cell number increment in organisms. The evidences showed that the hypothesis of the change process of electric charge described above truly exists. The charges carried by the cells of plant assemble together, and then the charged ions diffuse and run off from the high concentration to low concentration, which can result in a phenomenon of charging by plant, for example, generate electricity by bi

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