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目的：研究海口市呼吸系统疾病患儿流感嗜血杆菌流行病学及耐药性情况，为疾病的预防和治疗提供参考。方法：收集 2006-2010 年海口市各医院(海南医学院附属医院、海南省人民医院、海口市人民医院、海南省农垦总医院)临床送检的咽拭子、鼻咽分泌物、痰、脑脊液等标本486 例，然后分离鉴定流感嗜血杆菌；采用Etest 法测定对分离到的95 株流感嗜血杆菌进行抗生素药敏试验检测。结果：流感嗜血杆菌总检出率19.55％，其检出情况在不同地区和不同民族之间存在差异，考虑其原因可能和社会经济条件有关，流感嗜血杆菌对常用抗生素的体外药敏结果依次为：左氧氟沙星、头孢曲松> 阿莫西林/ 克拉维酸、阿奇霉素> 氯霉素> 头孢克洛> 阿莫西林> 氨苄西林> 磺胺甲基异噁唑。结论：海口流感嗜血杆菌由于全年气温较高，其发病率无明显季节性，细菌检出率在不同地区及不同民族之间存在差别。对左氧氟沙星、头孢曲松、阿莫西林/ 克拉维酸、阿奇霉素、氯霉素的耐药率低，其可作为临床治疗流感嗜血杆菌感染的首选药物，而对氨苄西林和磺胺甲基异噁唑的耐药率较高，其作为临床治疗流感嗜血杆菌首选药物的传统地位受到了严重挑战。

英文摘要:

Objective: To evaluate epidemiology and drug resistance of Haemophilus influenzae in Haikou City in children respiratory diseases for disease prevention and treatment. Methods: Between 2006 to 2010 in Haikou Children's Hospital, 486 cases of respiratory tract infection, to cultivate isolated Haemophilus influenzae on nasopharyngeal secretions throuh Etest method for separation of 95 Haemophilus influenzae to antibiotics sensitivity test. Results: Haemophilus influenzae overall detection rate was 19.55 percent, and there are differences in the different regions and between different ethnic groups which was considered its causes was related to socio-economic conditions, and Haemophilus influenzae in vitro results were: levofloxacin, ceftriaxone> amoxicillin / clavulanic acid, azithromycin> chloramphenicol> cefaclor> amoxicillin>ampicillin>Sulfamethoxazole. Conclusions: High temperatures throughout the year in Haikou, the incidence rate of Haemophilus influenzae had no significant seasonal, bacterial detection rate in different regions and between different ethnic groups. For levofloxacin, ceftriaxone, amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid, azithromycin, chloramphenicol resistance rate was low, and could be used as first choice drug, and to ampicillin and Sulfamethoxazole resistance rate was higher for traditional medicines will be a serious challenge.

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