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目的：比较寡核苷酸芯片法、实时荧光PCR 和测序法在对慢性乙肝患者病毒基因分型的比较和方法学评价。方法：对126 例不同基因型的慢性乙肝患者的血清样本分别用寡核苷酸芯片法、实时荧光PCR 法和测序法进行基因分型，并评价各种方法的临床表现、所需时间和检测成本。结果：寡核苷酸芯片法、实时荧光PCR 分别能检测到1%和0.1%比例的基因型。在126 例慢性乙肝患者的临床样本中，寡核苷酸芯片法、实时荧光PCR 和测序法分别检测出41（33 %）、41（33 %）和45（36 %）例为B 型，76（60 %）、76（60 %）、81（64 %）例为C 型。寡核苷酸芯片法、实时荧光PCR 均检出9 例B、C 混合基因型。在三种检测方法中实时荧光 PCR 是最快速和廉价的。结论：寡核苷酸芯片法、实时荧光PCR 能检出B、C 混合基因型，而测序法只能检测出样本的主导基因型。

英文摘要:

Objective: To compare the oligonucleotide chip, real-time PCR and sequencing for genotyping of hepatitis B virus in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B. Methods: Clinical serum samples with different hepatitis B virus genotype from 126 chronic hepatitis B patients were tested for hepatitis B virus genotypes by oligonucleotide chip, real-time PCR and sequencing of PCR products, respectively. Then, clinical performances, time required and costs of the three assays were evaluated. Results: Oligonucleotide chips and real-time PCR can detect 1 % and 0.1 % genotypes, respectively, in mixed samples. In the 126 clinical samples from patients with chronic hepatitis B, genotype B was detected in 41 (33 %), 41 (33 %) and 45 (36 %) samples, and genotype C in 76 (60 %), 76 (60 %) and 81 (64 %) samples, by oligonucleotide chip, real-time PCR and sequencing, respectively. Oligonucleotide chip and real-time PCR detected mixed genotypes B and C in 9 samples. Realtime PCR was the rapidest and cheapest method among the three assays. Conclusions: Oligonucleotide Chip and real-time PCR are able to detect mixed genotypes, while sequencing only detects the dominant genotype in clinical samples.

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