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目的：探讨藻类毒素对水产病毒的抑制作用及宿主保护作用。方法：筛选了两种典型的产毒甲藻：亚历山大藻(Alexandrium sp.）和刚比甲藻（Gambierdisc sp.），证实前者具有产水溶性毒素-麻痹性贝类毒素（PST）的能力；后者具有产脂溶性毒素-雪卡毒素（CXT）的能力。将两种藻类毒素与南美白对虾进行低剂量(nM级别)暴露，之后进行虹彩病毒感染。结果：经过PST和CXT藻毒素暴露的对虾，被虹彩病毒感染的几率下降了30.83%和65.84%。RT-PCR结果表明藻毒素暴露激活了宿主的免疫系统，一些涉及免疫防疫基因（Lvβ-catenin家族成员、Hsp70、lectin、β-GBP-HDL、Dscam）、抗应激响应基因（SOD、CAT、ACP、AKP、PO）以及细胞凋亡基因（Bantam）的表达上调了2倍以上。结论：低剂量的藻毒素表现出瞬时毒物兴奋效应，增强了机体对外源病毒的抵抗能力；可能的保护机制在于藻毒素激活了对虾的免疫功能提高了对病毒的防御能力。该研究增进了我们对藻类毒素“以毒攻毒”效果的理解，有望利用低剂量毒素的免疫增强作用保护水生动物健康。

英文摘要:

Exploring the inhibitory role of algal toxins on aquatic viruses. Methods: Screened two typical dinoflagellate: Alexandrium sp. and Gambierdisc sp. The former has the ability to produce water-soluble toxins-paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins (PST), and the latter has the ability to produce the fat-soluble toxin, ciguatoxins (CXT). Both algal toxins were exposed to low doses (nM level) with shrimp (Penaeus vannamei), followed by iridovirus infection experiments. Results: Shrimp exposed to PST and CXT algal toxins showed induce the infection rate of 30.83- to 65.84 % by iridoviruses. Compared with the control group, the RT-PCR results indicated that algal toxin exposure activated the host immune system, and the expression of genes involved in immunoprevention (Lvβ-catenin family members, Hsp70, lectin, β-GBP-HDL, Dscam), anti-stress response genes (SOD, CAT, ACP, PO, AKP), and apoptosis genes (Bantam) were up-regulated more than 2-fold in test groups. Conclusions: This work confirmed that low doses of algal toxin exposure enhanced the animal's resistance to exogenous viruses. The possible protective mechanism is toxins activate the shrimp’s immune function and inhanced their defence ability to against viruses. This study improves our understanding of the "fighting poison with poison" effect of algal toxins. The immune-enhancing effect induced by low-dose algal toxins can be used as a potential method for protect aquatic animals.

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