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目的：观察高饱和脂肪酸及n-3 多不饱和脂肪酸饮食后对自发性高血压大鼠血压、静息心率、体重、血脂、血糖及游离脂肪酸谱的影响。方法：选择8 周龄雄性自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）30 只和同龄对照大鼠（WKY）30 只，随机分为6 组：SHR、WKY 普通饲料组各10 只，SHR、WKY 高脂组各10 只，SHR、WKY高脂加鱼油饮食组各10 只，持续喂养至16 周龄。干预期间每两周测定血压和体重，干预前后测定静息心率、血脂、血糖及血浆游离脂肪酸谱。结果：（1）血压和静息心率的变化：SHR 大鼠高脂饮食组较普食组血压水平显著性增高，而高脂加鱼油饮食组较高脂饮食组血压水平显著性减低；WKY 大鼠高脂饮食组较普食组血压水平显著性增高，而高脂加鱼油饮食组较高脂饮食组血压水平显著性减低；SHR大鼠高脂饮食组较普食组静息心率显著性增高（P=0. 007），而高脂加鱼油饮食组较高脂饮食组静息心率有下降趋势，但差异无显著性（P=0.125），WKY 大鼠静息心率各组间无明显差异。（2）血浆游离脂肪酸谱：与WKY 大鼠比较，SHR 大鼠中亚麻酸（Linolenic acid, ALA）、花生四烯酸（Linoleic Acid, AA）与n-6 多不饱和脂肪酸（n - 6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, n-6PUFA 含量增高，高脂饮食增加了饱和脂肪酸（Saturated fatty acid, SFA），有显著差异（P<0.05），高脂鱼油组二十二碳六烯酸（Docosahexaenoic acid, DHA）及二十碳五烯酸（Docosapentaenoic acid, EPA）增加导致n-3 多不饱和脂肪酸（n - 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, n-3PUFA）含量增加（P<0.05），SHR大鼠高脂鱼油组亚油酸（Linoleic Acid, LA）、AA含量减低（P<0.05）。结论：膳食补充n-3PUFA 可能通过影响交感神经活性和血浆脂肪酸谱的组成而改善高饱和脂肪酸所致SHR 大鼠的血压升高。

英文摘要:

Objective:To investigate Saturated fatty acids and n-Polyunsaturated fatty acid of dietary intervention on blood pressure, rest heart rate, weight, blood lipids, blood glucose and free fatty acid composition（FFA）in the spontaneously hypertensive rat model.Methods:30 male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) of 8 weeks old were randomly divided into 3 groups: normal fat group [SHR-CON], high-fat diet group[SHR+HF] and high-fat diet group supplemented with fish oil [SHR+HF+FOD]. 30 male Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY)at the same age were served as normal controls，divided into 3 groups (normal rat chow group [WKY+CON] , high-fat diet group [WKY+HF] and high-fat diet group supplemented with fish oil [WKY+HF+FOD] ). Then these rats were sacrificed randomly at 16th week of this study，blood pressure and weight were measured every two weeks. Plasma was isolated and Plasma glucose, lipid levels were measured with automatic biochemical apparatus. Plasma FFA was measured by high-performance liquid chromatogram using direct derivatization method.Results:(1) BP raised significantly in SHR than the in WKY . In the HFD group of SHR, BP was raised markedly at 16 weeks of age. In contrast, the BP of the HF+FOD group gradually decreased to a level as low as the one in the control group. The supplementation with fish oil resulted in blood pressure reduction in both SHR and WKY. In the HFD of SHR, HR increased significantly in resting periods. A slight decrease could even be observed in the HF+FOD of SHR during the resting period. All of the rats displayed a very similar resting heart rate in WKY. (2)SHR, as compared to WKY, showed higher ALA, AA and n-6PUFA levels on all diets. In SHR fed HF diet, the levels of SFA（PA, SA）were higher .The content of n-3PUFA increased, ALA and AA declined in the HF+FOD groups of SHR and WKY.Conclusion:The results indicate that a increase in the daily intake of n-3 PUFA lowers BP of SHR depending on its intrinsic sympathomimetic activity and fatty acid composition.

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