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目的：研究颈动脉粥样硬化斑块发生的危险因素及与脑梗死的关系。方法：选取2013 年7 月到2014 年7 月我院收治的脑梗死患者120 例（研究组），另选取非脑梗死患者或者健康体检者120 例（对照组），对所有入选者实施颈部血管超声检查，并检测其血糖、血浆纤维蛋白原和血脂，比较两组颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的数目、部位、颈动脉内径并分析脑梗死危险因素。结果：研究组斑块检出率和斑块数显著高于对照组，两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；颈总动脉内径显著小于对照组，两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；斑块存在于颈总动脉者最多，且与脑梗死部位存在同侧相关性（P＜0.05）；研究组年龄、高血压、糖尿病和血脂、纤维蛋白原（FIB）也显著高于对照组，两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：颈动脉粥样硬化斑块发生和脑梗死存在密切关系，年龄、糖尿病、高血压、FIB 和血脂均是其危险因素。

英文摘要:

Objective:To study the risk factors for carotid atherosclerotic plaque occurrence and the relationship with cerebral infarction.Methods:120 cases (the study group) with infarction were selected in our hospital fromJuly 2013 to July 2014, 120 cases (the control group) of non cerebral infarction or healthy were also selected, the inductees of all were given neck intravascular ultrasound, the blood glucose, plasma fibrinogen and blood lipids of all inductees were detected, the number and location of carotid atherosclerotic plaques, carotid artery diameter of two groups were compared and risk factors of cerebral infarction were analyzed.Results:The plaque detection rate and the number of patches of the study group were significantly higher than that of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); Carotid artery diameter of the study group were significantly shorter than in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); The plaque present in the common carotid artery were the most, and had ipsilateral correlation with infarction site(P<0.05); The age, hypertension, diabetes and lipids, fibrinogen (FIB) of the study group were significantly higher than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion:There is a close relationship between carotid atherosclerotic plaques,and the cerebral infarction, age, diabetes, hypertension, FIB and lipids were the risk factors for carotid atherosclerotic plaque occurrence.

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