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目的：考察汶川地震救援官兵在连续作业状态下睡眠质量及其与睡眠自适应的关系。方法：采用匹兹堡睡眠质量问卷，在地震爆发后约65 天左右，对122 名救援官兵进行调查；采用匹兹堡睡眠质量问卷和军人睡眠自适应量表，在地震爆发后约102 天，对2000 名救援官兵进行调查。结果：地震救援官兵在执行任务中睡眠质量差者占72%，结束任务后睡眠质量差者占30%。两组睡眠质量各分量表得分除" 催眠药物" 因素外均有显著差异；救援官兵的睡眠自适应水平偏低，平均分为2.74，低于理论中点分3 分；睡眠质量与睡眠自适应水平之间的关系较为密切，除了与对睡眠的影响因素相关不显著外（相关系数为-.027），与睡眠自适应总体水平及其5 个因子的相关在.16 - .533 之间（P < 0.001）；睡眠的积极暗示、睡眠的抗干扰力和睡眠的积极态度等3 个因子是影响军人睡眠质量总体水平的主要因素。结论：使官兵形成和睡眠有关的积极、正确的信念与态度能够有效改善人们的睡眠质量。

英文摘要:

Objective: To investigate the sleep quality and the correlations with sleep self-adaptation under a sustained operations among rescue soldiers after May 12 Wenchuan earthquake. Methods: 122 soldiers completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) after 65 days of the earthquake; 2000 soldiers completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Soldier Sleep Self-Adaptation Scale (SSSAS) after 102 days of the earthquake. Results: 72 % of rescue soldiers had poor sleep quality in the execution of the task, and 30 % of them had poor sleep quality after the mission. There are significant difference among the components except "Use of Medicine". The average level of sleep self-adaptation of rescue soldiers was 2.74, below the theoretical midpoint "3". There were significant positive correlations between the sleep quality and the global level of sleep self-adaptation and it's 6 factors (rs = 0.16~0.533, Ps <0.001), except the factor of affecting sleep (r = -0.027). Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that the major determinants of the sleep quality were the factors of positive attitudes about sleep, the positive self-suggestions on sleep and the ability of anti-disturbance of sleep. Conclusion: The positive and appropriate attitudes and beliefs about sleep are of benefit to sleep quality.

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