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目的：探究人体海马CA1 区神经元锥体细胞胞体发育的过程。方法：取19 孕周（19GW）、20GW、26GW、35GW、38GW 水囊引产胎儿和8 岁(8Y)死亡儿童各1 例，所有标本来源符合相关法律法规和伦理要求，采用Golgi 染色技术，借助配备有"Neurolucida" 软件的共聚焦显微镜观察CA1 区锥体细胞胞体，分析细胞体的长度和面积。结果：19GW 和20GW 细胞体形态尚不明显， 26GW、35GW、38GW、8Y 海马CA1 区锥体神经元胞体长度分别为56.5±2.5（μm）、80.8±8.5（μm）、85.9±12.2（μm）、91.3±9.6 （μm）；胞体面积分别为254.5±13.7（μm2）、362.5±15.5（μm2）、380.5±22.8（μm2）、460.8±25.7（μm2）。26GW锥体细胞胞体长度和面积与35GW、38GW、8Y 相比差异明显（P<0.05）；8 岁胞体长度和面积与38GW 相比有小幅度增大；细胞形态学：26GW、 35GW、38GW 锥体细胞胞体切面呈椭圆形或三角形，随胎龄增大，胞体长度和面积逐渐增长增大，特别是细胞基底部增宽，胞体形态由椭圆形逐渐转换为三角形；细胞底部的基树突数量也逐渐增加，到38GW时可以达到4-7 个，8Y 锥体细胞胞体在切面上基本上都呈三角形，细胞长度和面积与38GW相比稍微增大，相对趋于稳定。结论：人体在发育过程中，锥体细胞长度呈逐渐增长、面积呈逐渐增大趋势，26GW与35GW之间变化最大，38GW与8Y 胞体面积差异不明显，整个变化趋势逐渐变慢并趋于稳定。

英文摘要:

Objective: To explore the process of cell body morphogenesis of human fetal CA1 pyramidal neurons. Methods: 19 gestational weeks (GW), 20GW, 26GW, 35GW, 38GW fetuses (Cystic induction of labor) and one 8-year-old (8Y) child (Killed in traffic accidents) were collected. All specimens were in line with the relevant laws and the ethical requirements. The Golgi staining technology and the confocal microscope equipped with "Neurolucida" software were used to observe the cell body of human fetal CA1 pyramidal neurons and analyze the length and area of the cell body. Results: The morphology of CA1 pyramidal neurons is not clear at 19GW and 20GW. The cell body length at 26GW, 35GW, 38GW, 8Y was 56.5 ± 2.5 (μm), 80.8 ± 8.5 (μm), 85.9 ± 12.2 (μm), 91.3 ± 9.6 (μm) respectively, and the cell body area was 254.5 ± 13.7 (μm2), 362.5 ± 15.5 (μm2), 380.5 ± 22.8 (μm2), 460.8 ± 25.7 (μm2) respectively. There were significant differences (P <0.05) in the length and area at 26GW compared to those at 35GW, 38 GW and 8Y. Compared with 38GW, the length and area at 8Y had a slight increase. Cell morphology: The plane sections of CA1 pyramidal cells showed oval or triangle shapes at 26W, 35W and 38W. With the growing of gestational age, the length and area of cell body were gradually increased, especially the basal parts of the cell body widened. The oval cell bodies were transformed into triangle cell bodies. Meanwhile, the number of base dendrites was increased gradually, which could be reached 4-7 at 38GW. At 8Y, almost all sections of CA1 neurons showed pyramidal shapes. The length and area at 8Y were slightly increased and relatively stable compared with those at 38GW. Conclusions: During body development, the CA1 pyramidal cells showed a gradual increase in length and area. The difference between 26GW and 35GW was most significant, while the difference of cell area between 38GW and 8Y was not significant. Such increase trends gradually slowed down and tended to become stable.

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